The Nigerian Correctional Service (NCoS), formerly known as the Nigerian Prisons Service, is a vital arm of Nigeria’s internal security system. As a paramilitary agency under the Federal Ministry of Interior, the NCoS plays a central role in the safe custody, rehabilitation, and reintegration of inmates.

In this guide, we break down the official functions of NCoS, their core mandates, and how they contribute to peace and justice in Nigeria.

Core Functions of the Nigerian Correctional Service (NCoS)

Here are the officially assigned roles and duties of NCoS, as established under the Nigerian Correctional Service Act, 2019:

1. Custody of Inmates

NCoS is responsible for the secure custody of individuals legally detained by courts.

• They manage both awaiting trial persons and convicted inmates.

• Ensure that inmates do not escape or pose a threat to society.

• Protect the rights of inmates during detention.

2. Rehabilitation of Offenders

One of the major reforms in the NCoS Act is its focus on rehabilitation.

• Provide counseling and moral instruction.

• Offer education and skill acquisition programs.

• Help inmates recognize their wrongs and become better citizens.

3. Reintegration of Ex-Offenders

NCoS works to reintegrate inmates back into society after their release.

• Train inmates to acquire useful skills.

• Collaborate with NGOs and government agencies to reduce stigmatization.

• Monitor and support released inmates through aftercare services.

4. Correctional Education and Vocational Training

NCoS operates several schools and vocational centers inside correctional facilities.

• Offer formal education (literacy to tertiary levels).

• Provide training in trades like carpentry, tailoring, welding, farming, etc.

• Empower inmates to become self-reliant after serving their sentence.

5. Provision of Legal Aid and Access to Justice

NCoS helps inmates access legal assistance, especially those who can't afford lawyers.

• Partner with legal aid councils and NGOs.

• Monitor the legal status of awaiting trial inmates.

• Prevent excessive delays in court trials.

6. Health and Medical Services

NCoS provides basic medical care for inmates in all facilities.

• Health clinics operate within correctional centers.

• HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and mental health programs are active in many prisons.

• Emergency cases are referred to government hospitals.

7. Non-Custodial Services (Community Sentencing)

Under the new NCoS Act, non-custodial measures now form a core part of their work.

• Supervision of community service sentencing.

• Management of parole, probation, and restorative justice.

• Helps decongest prisons and promote reform outside confinement.

8. Ensuring Security and Order in Correctional Facilities

NCoS maintains law and order within all correctional institutions.

• Control riots and unrest within prison facilities.

• Monitor movement and prevent smuggling of contraband items.

• Conduct regular security drills and checks.

9. Collaboration with Security Agencies

NCoS works with the Nigeria Police, NSCDC, Immigration, and NDLEA.

• Share intelligence and coordinate during inmate transfer.

• Assist in national security operations when needed.

10. Record-Keeping and Data Management

NCoS maintains proper documentation of:

• Inmate profiles and case details.

• Daily movement records.

• Health and welfare reports.

This supports judicial transparency and national criminal justice records.

Summary: 10 Key Responsibilities of NCoS

FAQs – Frequently Asked Questions

Q1: Is NCoS only about keeping inmates in prison?
No. NCoS also rehabilitates, educates, and helps ex-offenders reintegrate into society.

Q2: What is the difference between custodial and non-custodial functions?
Custodial means physical imprisonment. Non-custodial includes parole, probation, and community service.

Q3: Does NCoS provide education to inmates?
Yes. Inmates are offered formal education and vocational training while in custody.

Q4: Is the NCoS under the police?
No. NCoS is a separate paramilitary agency under the Ministry of Interior.

Q5: What law guides the functions of NCoS?
The Nigerian Correctional Service Act, 2019 is the legal framework for all NCoS operations.

Final Thoughts

The Nigerian Correctional Service is not just about locking people up. It plays a much bigger role in national reform, social justice, and rehabilitation. From prison custody to skill development, legal aid to community service, NCoS helps transform lives and protect society.

If you’re planning to join the service, work with them, or just learn more, understanding these official roles is a great place to start.