The South African National Defence Force (SANDF) is more than just boots, guns, and uniforms—it’s the backbone of South Africa’s national security and international peace efforts.

Comprising the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Military Health Service, SANDF plays a vital role in defending the nation and supporting the government in times of peace and crisis.

But what exactly does SANDF do?

Let’s break down the official functions and responsibilities of SANDF in simple terms.

Core Functions of the SANDF

Here are the key roles and duties the SANDF is constitutionally and operationally responsible for:

1. Defending South Africa’s Sovereignty and Territory

At its core, the SANDF exists to protect the country from external threats. This includes:

• Deterring and responding to foreign military attacks

• Monitoring and protecting South Africa’s land, sea, and airspace

• Ensuring the country’s borders are secure

2. Participation in Peacekeeping Operations

South Africa is a major contributor to United Nations (UN) and African Union (AU) peacekeeping missions. SANDF personnel are regularly deployed to:

• Mediate in conflict zones (e.g. DRC, Sudan, Mozambique)

• Protect civilians in war-affected areas

• Help stabilize regions experiencing political unrest

3. Internal Support During National Emergencies

The SANDF also supports civilian authorities during times of crisis, including:

• Natural disasters like floods, wildfires, and droughts

• Public health emergencies (e.g. COVID-19 support)

• Major strikes, riots, or unrest that threaten public safety

In such situations, the military steps in to restore order and support emergency response agencies.

4. Securing South Africa’s Borders

The SANDF plays a key role in border management and control, working alongside the Border Management Authority (BMA) and South African Police Service (SAPS) to:

• Monitor illegal immigration and smuggling

• Prevent cross-border crime and trafficking

• Secure land and maritime boundaries

5. Supporting International Humanitarian Missions

Beyond peacekeeping, SANDF personnel are deployed for humanitarian aid operations, especially across Africa. These include:

• Disaster relief and rescue

• Distribution of medical and food aid

• Infrastructure rebuilding in war-torn regions

6. Training and Development of Personnel

The SANDF ensures that its soldiers are continuously trained to meet modern threats. Key activities include:

• Military academies and technical schools

• Leadership and officer development

• Tactical, combat, and peace support training

This makes SANDF a force that is always ready, disciplined, and professional.

7. Medical Services and Military Health

The South African Military Health Service (SAMHS) is tasked with:

• Providing healthcare to military personnel and their families

• Supporting military operations with mobile hospitals and medics

• Assisting in public health crises, such as disease outbreaks or mass vaccinations

8. Protection of Strategic National Assets

The SANDF guards key installations and national interests such as:

• Oil refineries and power plants

• Military bases and weapon stockpiles

• Communication infrastructure

• VIPs and top-level government facilities (when required)

9. Military Diplomacy and Defence Cooperation

Through military-to-military engagements, SANDF also helps promote:

• Regional peace and security

• Joint exercises with other nations

• Defence diplomacy and partnerships in Africa and beyond

Summary Table of SANDF Functions

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: Is SANDF only active during war?

No. The SANDF operates in both wartime and peacetime, offering internal support, border control, and peacekeeping.

Q: What are the 4 arms of SANDF?

• Army (land operations)

• Navy (sea-based operations)

• Air Force (aerial surveillance and warfare)

• Military Health Service (medical care)

Q: Can SANDF intervene during protests or riots?

Yes, but only on request by the President or authorized civil authority. Their role is to restore order and support the police.

Q: Does SANDF help during natural disasters?

Absolutely. SANDF often provides rescue, evacuation, and emergency medical support during floods, fires, or other disasters.

Final Thoughts

The South African National Defence Force (SANDF) is more than a fighting force—it’s a nation-building institution. From protecting borders to saving lives in disasters, the SANDF continues to serve with discipline, professionalism, and dedication.

Whether at home or on foreign soil, their mission is simple: protect South Africa, promote peace, and serve the people.